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Monday, September 24, 2012

The genes behind human intelligence also made us vulnerable to autism

The genes behind human intelligence also made us vulnerable to autism
While the genetic cause(s) of autism are still mostly unknown, the most common single-gene cause is Fragile X Syndrome. Fragile X Syndrome accounts for 5% of autism cases and involves errors on the X chromosome that disrupt normal brain development.

Fragile X Syndrome prevents the production of FMRP, an important brain protein needed to activate the NOS1 gene. The NOS1 gene product is found throughout the developing human brain, especially in guiding the maturation of the speech, language, and decision-making centers.

Most likely, the loss of NOS1 gene expression in these parts of the brain causes the cognitive impairments (speech difficulties, reduced intelligence scores, and attention problems) seen in Fragile X Syndrome.

Read the full io9 article HERE.

Read the full Cell article HERE.

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